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与合约交互

与合约交互

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概述

智能合约部署到链上后，你可以通过 JavaScript/TypeScript 库与其交互——读取状态、发送交易、监听事件。本文介绍两大主流库：viem（现代、类型安全）和 ethers.js（历史悠久、生态丰富）的基本用法。

主要内容

两大库对比

特性viemethers.js v6
类型安全极强（基于 TypeScript）良好
Bundle 大小更小（Tree-shakeable）较大
性能更高标准
学习曲线稍陡平缓
生态兼容性wagmi 原生支持广泛支持
推荐场景新项目、React 应用现有项目维护

使用 viem

安装

Terminal window
npm install viem

读取合约状态（publicClient）

import { createPublicClient, http } from "viem";
import { sepolia } from "viem/chains";


const client = createPublicClient({
  chain: sepolia,
  transport: http("https://eth-sepolia.g.alchemy.com/v2/YOUR_KEY"),
});


// ABI 片段（只需要用到的函数）
const abi = [
  {
    name: "getGreeting",
    type: "function",
    stateMutability: "view",
    inputs: [],
    outputs: [{ type: "string" }],
  },
] as const;


const CONTRACT_ADDRESS = "0xYourContractAddress";


const greeting = await client.readContract({
  address: CONTRACT_ADDRESS,
  abi,
  functionName: "getGreeting",
});


console.log("问候语:", greeting);

发送交易（walletClient）

import { createWalletClient, http } from "viem";
import { privateKeyToAccount } from "viem/accounts";
import { sepolia } from "viem/chains";


const account = privateKeyToAccount("0xYOUR_PRIVATE_KEY");


const walletClient = createWalletClient({
  account,
  chain: sepolia,
  transport: http("https://eth-sepolia.g.alchemy.com/v2/YOUR_KEY"),
});


const hash = await walletClient.writeContract({
  address: CONTRACT_ADDRESS,
  abi,
  functionName: "setGreeting",
  args: ["你好，viem！"],
});


console.log("交易 Hash:", hash);


// 等待确认
const receipt = await client.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash });
console.log("已确认，区块:", receipt.blockNumber);

使用 ethers.js v6

安装

Terminal window
npm install ethers

读取合约状态

import { ethers } from "ethers";


const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(
  "https://eth-sepolia.g.alchemy.com/v2/YOUR_KEY"
);


const abi = ["function getGreeting() view returns (string)"];
const contract = new ethers.Contract(CONTRACT_ADDRESS, abi, provider);


const greeting = await contract.getGreeting();
console.log("问候语:", greeting);

发送交易

const privateKey = process.env.PRIVATE_KEY!;
const wallet = new ethers.Wallet(privateKey, provider);
const contractWithSigner = contract.connect(wallet);


const tx = await contractWithSigner.setGreeting("你好，ethers.js！");
console.log("交易 Hash:", tx.hash);


const receipt = await tx.wait();
console.log("已确认，区块:", receipt.blockNumber);

监听合约事件

// viem
const unwatch = client.watchContractEvent({
  address: CONTRACT_ADDRESS,
  abi,
  eventName: "GreetingUpdated",
  onLogs: (logs) => {
    console.log("新事件:", logs);
  },
});


// ethers.js
contract.on("GreetingUpdated", (newGreeting, event) => {
  console.log("问候语已更新:", newGreeting);
});

在浏览器中连接 MetaMask

// 使用 viem + window.ethereum
import { createWalletClient, custom } from "viem";
import { sepolia } from "viem/chains";


const [account] = await window.ethereum.request({
  method: "eth_requestAccounts",
});


const walletClient = createWalletClient({
  account,
  chain: sepolia,
  transport: custom(window.ethereum),
});

下一步