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跨链消息 CCIP

跨链消息 CCIP

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概述

Chainlink CCIP（Cross-Chain Interoperability Protocol，跨链互操作协议）是一个安全的跨链消息传递和代币转移标准。本教程介绍如何使用 CCIP 在以太坊主网和 Arbitrum 之间发送消息和转移 Token。

主要内容

CCIP 核心概念

CCIP 架构：
  发送链（Source Chain）
    ↓ 调用 Router.ccipSend()
  CCIP 网络（链下验证）
    ↓ 达成共识
  接收链（Destination Chain）
    ↓ Router 调用接收合约的 ccipReceive()
  接收合约

核心组件：

组件说明
Router每条链上的 CCIP 入口，用于发送和接收
LINK Token支付跨链手续费（也可用原生代币）
ARM（Active Risk Management）安全监控网络
OnRamp/OffRamp链专用的发送/接收基础设施

安装依赖

Terminal window
npm install @chainlink/contracts-ccip
# 或 Foundry
forge install smartcontractkit/ccip

发送跨链消息

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;


import "@chainlink/contracts-ccip/src/v0.8/ccip/interfaces/IRouterClient.sol";
import "@chainlink/contracts-ccip/src/v0.8/ccip/libraries/Client.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";


contract CrossChainSender {
    IRouterClient public immutable router;
    IERC20 public immutable linkToken;


    event MessageSent(
        bytes32 indexed messageId,
        uint64 indexed destinationChainSelector,
        address receiver,
        string message,
        uint256 fees
    );


    // Sepolia Router: 0x0BF3dE8c5D3e8A2B34D2BEeB17ABfCeBaf363A59
    // Arbitrum Sepolia Router: 0x2a9C5afB0d0e4BAb2BCdaE109EC4b0c4Be15a165
    constructor(address _router, address _link) {
        router = IRouterClient(_router);
        linkToken = IERC20(_link);
    }


    // 发送跨链消息（用 LINK 付费）
    function sendMessage(
        uint64 destinationChainSelector, // 目标链的 Chain Selector
        address receiver,                 // 目标链上的接收合约地址
        string calldata message
    ) external returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        // 构建 CCIP 消息
        Client.EVM2AnyMessage memory ccipMessage = Client.EVM2AnyMessage({
            receiver: abi.encode(receiver),
            data: abi.encode(message),
            tokenAmounts: new Client.EVMTokenAmount[](0), // 无代币转移
            extraArgs: Client._argsToBytes(
                Client.EVMExtraArgsV1({ gasLimit: 200_000 })
            ),
            feeToken: address(linkToken) // 用 LINK 付手续费
        });


        // 估算手续费
        uint256 fees = router.getFee(destinationChainSelector, ccipMessage);


        // 授权并发送
        linkToken.approve(address(router), fees);
        messageId = router.ccipSend(destinationChainSelector, ccipMessage);


        emit MessageSent(messageId, destinationChainSelector, receiver, message, fees);
    }


    // 用原生代币（ETH）付手续费
    function sendMessagePayNative(
        uint64 destinationChainSelector,
        address receiver,
        string calldata message
    ) external payable returns (bytes32 messageId) {
        Client.EVM2AnyMessage memory ccipMessage = Client.EVM2AnyMessage({
            receiver: abi.encode(receiver),
            data: abi.encode(message),
            tokenAmounts: new Client.EVMTokenAmount[](0),
            extraArgs: Client._argsToBytes(
                Client.EVMExtraArgsV1({ gasLimit: 200_000 })
            ),
            feeToken: address(0) // 用原生代币
        });


        uint256 fees = router.getFee(destinationChainSelector, ccipMessage);
        require(msg.value >= fees, "Insufficient ETH for fees");


        messageId = router.ccipSend{value: fees}(destinationChainSelector, ccipMessage);


        // 退还多余 ETH
        if (msg.value > fees) {
            payable(msg.sender).transfer(msg.value - fees);
        }


        emit MessageSent(messageId, destinationChainSelector, receiver, message, fees);
    }
}

接收跨链消息

import "@chainlink/contracts-ccip/src/v0.8/ccip/interfaces/IAny2EVMMessageReceiver.sol";
import "@chainlink/contracts-ccip/src/v0.8/ccip/libraries/Client.sol";


contract CrossChainReceiver is IAny2EVMMessageReceiver {
    address public immutable router;


    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public processedMessages;


    event MessageReceived(
        bytes32 indexed messageId,
        uint64 indexed sourceChainSelector,
        address sender,
        string message
    );


    modifier onlyRouter() {
        require(msg.sender == router, "Only router can call");
        _;
    }


    constructor(address _router) {
        router = _router;
    }


    // CCIP Router 调用此函数传递消息
    function ccipReceive(Client.Any2EVMMessage calldata message)
        external override onlyRouter
    {
        bytes32 messageId = message.messageId;
        require(!processedMessages[messageId], "Already processed");
        processedMessages[messageId] = true;


        address sender = abi.decode(message.sender, (address));
        string memory text = abi.decode(message.data, (string));


        emit MessageReceived(
            messageId,
            message.sourceChainSelector,
            sender,
            text
        );


        // 在这里执行你的业务逻辑
        _handleMessage(message.sourceChainSelector, sender, text);
    }


    function _handleMessage(
        uint64 sourceChain,
        address sender,
        string memory message
    ) internal virtual {
        // 子类实现具体逻辑
    }
}

跨链代币转移

// 在 ccipMessage 中添加代币转移
Client.EVMTokenAmount[] memory tokenAmounts = new Client.EVMTokenAmount[](1);
tokenAmounts[0] = Client.EVMTokenAmount({
    token: address(USDC),   // 支持 CCIP 的代币
    amount: 100e6           // 100 USDC
});


// 先授权代币给 Router
IERC20(USDC).approve(address(router), 100e6);


Client.EVM2AnyMessage memory ccipMessage = Client.EVM2AnyMessage({
    receiver: abi.encode(receiverAddress),
    data: "",
    tokenAmounts: tokenAmounts,  // 携带代币
    extraArgs: Client._argsToBytes(Client.EVMExtraArgsV1({ gasLimit: 0 })),
    feeToken: address(linkToken)
});

重要 Chain Selector

网络Chain Selector
以太坊主网5009297550715157269
Arbitrum One4949039107694359620
Optimism3734403246176062136
Base15971525489660198786
Sepolia16015286601757825753
Arbitrum Sepolia3478487238524512106

CCIP Explorer

追踪跨链消息状态：ccip.chain.link

安全最佳实践

  1. 只接受可信 Router 的消息：校验 msg.sender == router
  2. 幂等处理：记录已处理的 messageId，防止重复执行
  3. 验证源链和发送者：校验 sourceChainSelector 和 sender 地址
  4. 代币白名单：只处理已知代币，防止恶意代币注入

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